[Pattern of smoking and socioeconomic status in two cohorts of young adults]. / Patrón de tabaquismo y nivel socioeconómico en dos cohortes de adultos jóvenes.

BACKGROUND: One in five deaths that occur in Chile can be attributed to smoking whose prevalence remains high, despite interventions aimed at reducing it. AIM: To compare the prevalence of smoking and its intensity among young adults born 15 years apart and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two cohorts of young adults living in the Valparaiso Region of Chile were evaluated in the third decade of life. Cohort 1 was evaluated between 2000 and 2002 (n = 1232) and cohort 2 between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1078). RESULTS: In cohort 1, 57.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 54.6-58.7) of the subjects reported smoking, with a median of 3 (Interquartile range (ICR:1-6) cigarettes/day. This percentage fell to 40.2% (CI: 37.5-43.1) with a similar median in cohort 2. Analyzing cohort 2, the odds ratio (OR) for smoking was 2.24 (CI 1.48-3.38) in the medium SES, compared with the medium high SES. The figures for low medium and low SES were 2.72 (CI: 1.85-3.99) and 3.01 (1.85-4.88). Similarly, in this cohort there was a significantly higher risk of being a heavy smoker in lower SES. No associations between smoking or its intensity and SES were observed in cohort 1. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking behavior has decreased among young adults evaluated at the same age in two generational cohorts in the third decade of life. In the most recent cohort analyzed, smoking and its intensity increase along with a decrease in SES.

Trastorno de espectro autista y psicosis / Autism spectrum disorder and psychosis

Paciente Felipe S. S., 24 años. Soltero. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. Antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares (+). A 2 años, el diagnóstico de Autismo. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. 18 años: conducta disruptiva, irritable, agresivo, intento de suicido. Examen mental en contexto hospitalario: Contacto autista, asintónico. Hipomímico, con escasos movimientos complementarios. Con signos catatónicos de presentación intermitente (imantación, pseudoflexibilidad cérea). Además, presenta frecuentemente ecolalia. Presencia de alucinaciones auditivas (impresionan del mundo externo, a veces personificadas y otras anónimas), visuales y cinestésicas. Presenta constantes desajustes conductuales, con inquietud psicomotora transitoria y reiteradas agresiones hacia personal. Tratamiento farmacológico: Clozapina 500 mg. al día. Olanzapina 30 mg al día. Ácido Valproico 750 mg al día.

Felipe S. S., 24 years old. Single. Special school up to 15 years. Family psychiatric history (+). At 2 years, the diagnosis of Autism. Special school up to 15 years. 18 years: disruptive, irritable, aggressive behavior, attempted suicide. Mental examination in hospital context: Autistic, asyntonic contact. Hipomimic, with few complementary movements. With catatonic signs of intermittent presentation (magnetization, waxy pseudoflexibility). In addition, he frequently presents echolalia. Presence of auditory hallucinations (impressions of the external world, sometimes personified and others anonymous), visual and kinesthetic. He presents constant behavioral imbalances, with transient psychomotor restlessness and repeated aggressions towards personnel. Pharmacological treatment: Clozapine 500 mg. up to date. Olanzapine 30 mg daily. Valproic Acid 750 mg daily.

Patrón de tabaquismo y nivel socioeconómico en dos cohortes de adultos jóvenes / Pattern of smoking and socioeconomic status in two cohorts of young adults

Background: One in five deaths that occur in Chile can be attributed to smoking whose prevalence remains high, despite interventions aimed at reducing it. Aim: To compare the prevalence of smoking and its intensity among young adults born 15 years apart and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). Material and Methods: Two cohorts of young adults living in the Valparaiso Region of Chile were evaluated in the third decade of life. Cohort 1 was evaluated between 2000 and 2002 (n = 1232) and cohort 2 between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1078). Results: In cohort 1, 57.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 54.6-58.7) of the subjects reported smoking, with a median of 3 (Interquartile range (ICR:1-6) cigarettes/day. This percentage fell to 40.2% (CI: 37.5-43.1) with a similar median in cohort 2. Analyzing cohort 2, the odds ratio (OR) for smoking was 2.24 (CI 1.48-3.38) in the medium SES, compared with the medium high SES. The figures for low medium and low SES were 2.72 (CI: 1.85-3.99) and 3.01 (1.85-4.88). Similarly, in this cohort there was a significantly higher risk of being a heavy smoker in lower SES. No associations between smoking or its intensity and SES were observed in cohort 1. Conclusions: Smoking behavior has decreased among young adults evaluated at the same age in two generational cohorts in the third decade of life. In the most recent cohort analyzed, smoking and its intensity increase along with a decrease in SES.